Pengertian Grafis Vektor dan Bitmap Pengertian Grafis Vektor Grafis vektor adalah objek gambar yang dibentuk melalui kombinasi titik-titik dan garis dengan menggunakan rumusan matematika tertentu. Pengertian Grafis Bitmap Grafis Bitmap adalah objek gambar yang dibentuk berdasarkan titik-titik dan kombinasi warna. Seni grafis adalah cabang seni rupa yang proses pembuatan karyanya menggunakan teknik, biasanya di atas. Kecuali pada teknik, prosesnya mampu menciptakan salinan karya yang sama dalam jumlah banyak, ini yang disebut dengan proses cetak.
Tiap salinan karya dikenal sebagai ‘impression’. Atau, di sisi lain, menciptakan karya seni orisinil yang unik.
Cetakan diciptakan dari permukaan sebuah bahan, secara teknis disebut dengan. Matrix yang umum digunakan adalah: plat logam, biasanya tembaga atau seng untuk atau; batu digunakan untuk; papan kayu untuk woodcut/. Masih banyak lagi bahan lain yang digunakan dalam karya seni ini. Tiap-tiap hasil cetakan biasanya dianggap sebagai karya seni orisinil, bukan sebuah salinan. Karya-karya yang dicetak dari sebuah plat menciptakan sebuah edisi, di masa seni rupa modern masing-masing karya ditandatangani dan diberi nomor untuk menandai bahwa karya tersebut adalah edisi terbatas.
Bali was inhabited by by about 2000 BC who migrated originally from through. Culturally and linguistically, the Balinese are thus closely related to the peoples of the Indonesian archipelago, the Philippines, and Oceania. Stone tools dating from this time have been found near the village of Cekik in the island’s west. Balinese culture was strongly influenced by Indian and Chinese, and particularly culture, in a process beginning around the 1st century AD. The name Bali dwipa (“Bali island”) has been discovered from various inscriptions, including the charter issued by in 913 AD and mentioning.
It was during this time that the complex irrigation system was developed to grow rice. Some religious and cultural traditions still in existence today can be traced back to this period. The Hindu (1293–1520 AD) on eastern founded a Balinese in 1343. When the empire declined, there was an exodus of intellectuals, artists, priests and musicians from Java to Bali in the 15th century.
The first contact with Bali is thought to have been made by explorer who arrived in 1597, though a ship had foundered off the as early as 1585. Dutch colonial control expanded across the Indonesian archipelago in the nineteenth century (see ). Their political and economic control over Bali began in the 1840s on the island’s north coast by pitting various distrustful Balinese realms against each other.
In the late 1890s, struggles between Balinese kingdoms in the island’s south were exploited by the Dutch to increase their control. The Dutch mounted large naval and ground assaults at the Sanur region in 1906 and were met by the thousands of members of the royal family and their followers who fought against the superior Dutch force in a suicidal defensive assault rather than face the humiliation of surrender.
Despite Dutch demands for surrender, an estimated 4,000 Balinese marched to their death against the invaders. In the, a similar massacre occurred in the face of a Dutch assault in. Afterwards the Dutch governors were able to exercise little influence over the island, and local control over religion and culture generally remained intact. Dutch rule over Bali had come later and was never as well established as in other parts of Indonesia such as Java and.
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Occupied Bali during during which time a Balinese military officer, formed a Balinese ‘freedom army’. In the 1930s, anthropologists and, and artists and, and musicologist created a western image of Bali as “an enchanted land of aesthetes at peace with themselves and nature”, and western tourism first developed on the island.
Following Japan’s Pacific surrender in August 1945, the Dutch promptly returned to Indonesia, including Bali, immediately to reinstate their pre-war colonial administration. This was resisted by the Balinese rebels now using Japanese weapons. On, the was fought in Tabanan in central Bali. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, by then 29 years old, finally rallied his forces in east Bali at Marga Rana, where they made a on the heavily armed Dutch. The Balinese battalion was entirely wiped out, breaking the last thread of Balinese military resistance.
![]() Pengertian Grafis Vektor Dan Bitmap
In 1946 the Dutch constituted Bali as one of the 13 administrative districts of the newly-proclaimed, a rival state to the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by and. Bali was included in the “Republic of the United States of Indonesia” when the Netherlands recognised Indonesian independence on. The 1963 eruption of killed thousands, created economic havoc and forced many displaced Balinese to be to other parts of Indonesia. Mirroring the widening of social divisions across Indonesia in the 1950s and early 1960s, Bali saw conflict between supporters of the traditional, and those rejecting these traditional values. Politically, this was represented by opposing supporters of the (PKI) and the (PNI), with tensions and ill-feeling further increased by the PKI’s land reform programs. In Jakarta was put down by forces led by General Suharto.
The army became the dominant power as it instigated, in which the army blamed the PKI for the coup. Most estimates suggest that at least 500,000 people were killed across Indonesia, with an estimated 80,000 killed in Bali, equivalent to 5 per cent of the island’s population. With no Islamic forces involved as in Java and Sumatra, upper-caste PNI landlords led the extermination of PKI members. As a result of the 1965/66 upheavals, Suharto was able to maneuver Sukarno, and his government reestablished relations with western countries. The pre-War Bali as “paradise” was revived in a modern form, and the resulting large growth in tourism has led to a dramatic increase in Balinese standards of living and significant foreign exchange earned for the country.
By militant in the tourist area of killed 202 people, mostly foreigners. This attack, and, severely affected tourism, bringing much economic hardship to the island.
Jump to:, Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Tbk. George yip model of drivers of internationalisation. /: Founded Dutch Indies Government (1895) Headquarters, Key people, CEO ▲ 15.57 trillion (3Q06) ▲ 4.26 trillion (2006)(approx. US$468m) Bank Rakyat Indonesia or PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) (BRI), (tr. People’s Bank of ), is one of the larger banks in Indonesia.
It specialises in small scale and style borrowing from and lending to its approximately 30 million retail clients through its over 4,000 branches, units and rural service posts. It also has a comparatively small, but growing, corporate business. It is currently 70% government owned operating company (Persero) and has been government owned for the entire period since the war of independence ( to ) to November 2003, when 30% of its shares were sold through an. History BRI was founded in, during the colonial period as “De Poerwokertosche Hulp en Spaarbank der Inlandsche Hoofden”, by Raden Aria Wirjaatmadja. It then underwent its first (of many) name changes to “Hulp-en Spaarbank der Inlandsche Bestuurs Ambtenaren” (tr. Aid and Savings Bank for Local Civil Servants).
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Going through several name changes, its final name during the colonial period was “Algemene Volkscredietbank (AVB)”, or People’s General Credit Bank, in 1934. This translates loosely into Indonesian as “Bank Rakyat Serikat”. At this point it was one of the largest institutions in the (then) colony. The bank’s operations were affected by the occupation during the to period of, including a further name change to “Shomin Ginkou” (tr. “People’s Bank”). After the Indonesian declaration of independence, on the bank was officially by the new government and then re-named “Bank Rakyat Indonesia Serikat”. As a bank, wholly owned by the government, BRI’s structure then largely followed government whim, which moved rapidly towards under President and then to state under President.
This involved being folded into, and then out of, (now the of Indonesia). BRI gained its current name and status in 1992. BRI was nearly unique in Indonesia in the of, in that its operations were largely unaffected. This was because it had very little, if any, lending in foreign currencies or to the large corporations that had been borrowing heavily overseas, as most of the other large Indonesian banks had. Since then BRI has been concentrating on increasing its core business and improving its practices. As part of the (reform) process in Indonesia since, the government has been steadily reducing its influence on the Bank’s day to day operations, culminating in its IPO.
It is also seeking to comply with the accords, as mandated by, by 2008. GRAFIS VEKTOR DAN BITMAP Posted on April 7, 2008 by primasoft 1.
Pengertian Grafis Vektor dan Bitmap Pengertian Grafis Vektor Grafis vektor adalah objek gambar yang dibentuk melalui kombinasi titik-titik dan garis dengan menggunakan rumusan matematika tertentu. Pengertian Grafis Bitmap Grafis Bitmap adalah objek gambar yang dibentuk berdasarkan titik-titik dan kombinasi warna.
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